Saturday, November 27, 2010

Welcome Notes Wedding

Cholera at Quebec in 1832

One of the most important consequences in the short term population of Haiti following the earthquake of January 12, 2010 is the current epidemic of cholera on the island. As evidenced by the many texts in recent weeks on the website of the daily Le Devoir on the site Cyberpresse or on the website of Radio-Canada , this epidemic has become an election issue in more a major humanitarian crisis. Under current conditions, is an imposing challenge to limit the spread of such epidemics. But if you look in the history of Quebec City, cholera has also been a major scourge. To illustrate, we will study in particular the epidemic of 1832.

Source: McCord Museum website, online consultation, November 27, 2010. Click image for more details.

1832. Quebec (above) is a growing town. The timber trade with England and flourished in the presence of marine city arises. The city is growing more and more towards the north with the expansion of the Saint-Roch. British soldiers are still present in the city. But above all, mass immigration from Europe is in its early years. And this is when cholera hit the city the first time. The first outbreak is actually the continuation of an epidemic that would have surfaced in India in the late 1920s.

Source: "Scanning electron microscope image of Vibrio cholerae bacteria, Which foul The digestive system. " online consultation , November 27, 2010.

In simple terms, cholera is an intestinal infection that is spread through infected food and liquid by a bacillus. The main symptoms are stomach pain and diarrhea especially aggressive and highly liquid that causes rapid dehydration which can cause death of the person affected within hours or days. Although this information is now known, it was not necessarily the case in 1832 while

Cholera Plague, Quebec
Source: Joseph Légaré, "Cholera in Quebec" (circa 1832), oil on canvas, Musée des Beaux-Arts du Quebec (no. 7157), online consultation , November 27, 2010.

On Monday, June 11, 1832, The Canadian (p. 2): "We announce that the pain of the terrible disease, known as Cholera, which prevails in Europe for a couple of years has begun to extend its ravages in this city. "It was also announced that the first of many cases" Asiatic cholera "(you can also read" cholera morbus ", occurred on June 9, on Saturday last. Given that the disease arrived with passengers from Europe It is not surprising that the epidemic broke out in early June, just weeks after the start of the season of navigation on the river. Although the epidemic is especially Quebec, it will reach Montreal also in the days that follow.

Public notice from Cholera epidemic 1832
Source: [...] post has circulated in Oxford in the Early Summer of 1832 ", online consultation , November 27, 2010 .

How does one fight against disease? Clinics, a sort of "branches" of the hospitals are open about different sources of contamination. Although symptoms are observed and thus known, there is still a kind of fatalism about the best way to attack this disease. Indeed, the most popular theory that explains the spread Cholera is the miasma theory, "bad air". These are somehow miasma clouds "smart" move and infect people. The different treatments against the miasma (which includes open flames fueled by a variety of products for burned or air movement in the clinics) are not the most effective in the light of modern knowledge of this disease. This is in addition to the windows are clean, the fabric belt to keep warm belly that are also widely prescribed preventive measures. During the summer of 1832, more than 2000 inhabitants and more than 3000 people in total who are unsuccessful disease. It is at the very least about 10% of the population of Quebec who died in this epidemic.

Église Notre-Dame de Québec, 1832
Source: W. Walton, "Notre Dame de Quebec, 1832 (1832), online consultation , November 27, 2010.

While in Quebec, it opens cemetery for the "angry", the colonial government wants to react. Is that the government is establishing a quarantine island in Grosse Ile, about fifty kilometers from Quebec City on the River. This "quarantine station" will see much people in 1832, a year is estimated at almost 50,000 the number of immigrants in Quebec transacting. But its effectiveness will be limited. Prepared in haste, the quarantine station was not entirely effective.

Source: Daniel Rainville (Parks Canada 1997), "View of Grosse Ile on the river about 1832," online consultation , November 27, 2010.

epidemic back in 1834 (which still nearly 10% of the population of Quebec will die) and a few other occasions (1849, 1851, 1852 and 1854). Also be added to cholera typhus that will wreak havoc in 1847 and a few other minor epidemics. The last major outbreak of cholera in the territory of present-day Quebec will take place in 1854. Much wider territory, there are fewer than 1,000 deaths in Quebec. In absolute numbers, it is less than 2% of the population of the city at this time. It is a scourge that has marked the city and also the imagination of the people of Quebec during the nineteenth century British at Quebec.

Monday, November 22, 2010

Golden Sun Cheats On Vba

An update or a conference?

This week's update comes at a cost of conference / chat I am preparing.

Indeed, this week, Thursday, November 25, 2010, at Café 4M (same building as Barberie near St-Roch, Quebec), there will be the first edition of Quebec's historic cafes.

A historic café is an opportunity to come hear a brief lecture, but mostly come and discuss and talk about history with researchers, students or professionals in a somewhat more relaxed than a traditional conference !

As I prepare for my part of the first conference entitled EXPRESS OR INFORMATION? THE HISTORY BLOG, I could not do last day last Sunday as announced.

The next blog update will be next Saturday, November 27, 2010. In the meantime, check out our archives and blogs that we consult! Happy reading and please come and discuss with us this Thursday!


Saturday, November 13, 2010

Letter Disconnect Phone

Some mayors of Quebec: longevity and / or majority

Quebec City and particularly the administration Labeaume were shaken by the resignation of deputy director general of the city, Guy Renaud. The resignation comes certainly at a crucial working relationship with Quebec that seem to fester. But this resignation comes at a time: a mayor with a clear vision, a sliced spoken, a particular style and a great popular support. Mayor Labeaume is certainly a mayor aside, but it is certainly not alone in having a free hand in the history of the city.

Source: JE Livernois (1900), "Sir François Langelier, Library and Archives nationales du Québec, Cote P560, S2, D1, P1671 , online consultation, 13 November 2010.

the 19th century, it was not until the 1880s to see the first mayors to take control For many years the town hall. There is the case of René-Édouard Caron will be mayor for six years during his second term (1840-46), but the municipal morals are so very different. The first mayor to have some longevity will certainly François Langelier (1882-1890), above). The provincial politician has made the jump into municipal politics after being elected in 1882 and immediately appointed by the council as mayor. During his tenure, he served as the functions of Commons in Ottawa and take the opportunity to improve the water system of Quebec and the fire department. He leaves office in Quebec City when he feels the growing hostility of the council meet its projects.


Source: Company and Montminy (1910), "Simon-Napoléon Parent, Library and Archives nationales du Québec, Cote P1000, S4, D83, PP20 , online consultation , November 13, 2010.

Simon-Napoléon Parent (1894-1906) remains in office nearly 12 years. Also elected by the board, it will certainly free hand. Close of business, little gift for rhetoric, his direct style it provides such a board where 17 aldermen it will be favorable (1896). Appointed Prime Minister of Quebec in 1900, he was quickly forced to resign in 1905 for his flamboyant style bit player behind the scenes. As a manager who will not hesitate to sell the possession of natural resources in the city of Quebec and certain foreign interests who own capital and know-how and who will use his contacts to benefit his contacts, his opposition will quickly become stronger and he should resign as mayor of Quebec in 1905 (he remains in office until February 1906).


Source: Michaud JW (1947), "The mayor of Quebec Lucien Borne and the Honourable Maurice Duplessis in the banquet of the provincial exhibition in Quebec," Library and Archives nationales du Québec, Cote E6, S7, SS1, P39168 , online consultation , November 13, 2010.

Mayor Lucien Borne (above, right), in office for 15 years (1938-53), will be one of those who benefit the most comfortable majorities in the 20th century. He will retain his position through six elections. Of these, he was elected four times by acclamation. The other two times he has a clear majority (75% in 1942) and tight (53% in 1947) but may conduct its municipal finance reforms. Its aldermen are elected as widely and almost never fought. After Borne, all mayors to Mayor Boucher (2005-2007) will have terms of at least twelve years, up to 16 years for Jean-Paul L'Allier (1989-2005).


Source: WB Edwards, "Welcome Mayor Wilfrid Hamel General Charles de Gaulle", Library and Archives nationales du Québec, Cote P600, S6, D5, P277, online consultation , November 13 2010.

Mayor Wilfrid Hamel (1953-65, above, third from left) will be elected narrowly in 1953 but get an election by acclamation or by a comfortable majority of 85% in 1959. His position is comfortable until the arrival of Civic Progress in 1962, the opposition party that broke the domination of Hamel. While surfing the wave of the Committee on Sylvester patronage in municipal (see on this post about the Mayor Lamontagne ) Civic Progress succeed in taking control of the town hall for 24 years as the mayors Lamontagne (1965 -1977) and Jean Pelletier (1977-1989). Their majorities in the Council will not as unambiguous as those of Parent or terminal, but will always put their projects forward.

Jean-Paul L'Allier, détendu et souriant, se ferme lorsque... (Le Soleil, Isabelle Mathieu)
Source: Isabelle Mathieu, "Jean-Paul L'Allier, relaxed and smiling, closes when journalists approach the subject of the revival of the Olympic dream. " online consultation , November 13, 2010.

is the Rassemblement Populaire Mayor Jean-Paul L'Allier (above) which will end the domination of Civic Progress. We change the style, change program, change of ideology. The Allies managed to get very impressive majorities in council (16 out of 20 advisers in 1993), but will soon face stiff opposition when he loses the majority of the board in 1997. The coming years will tell us how the mayor Labeaume leave his mark on this brief succession of politicians at the head of the City.

Saturday, November 6, 2010

Who Has The Big Boods In Indian Actress.

Funeral Home Lépine-Cloutier in St-Roch, Quebec, 1845-2010

C his week, we learned the site cyberpresse of the neighborhood Saint-Roch Quebec "lose" one of its most venerable commercial institutions. Indeed, with businesses such as pharmacy Brunet (based in 1874) and Sutton furs (first settlement founded in 1867), the funerary complex Lépine-Cloutier of the Rue Saint-Vallier was a witness to the golden age of industrial and commercial center of Saint-Roch. Here is a brief history.
Sors le catafalque, le corbillard arrive - Quebec, Quebec

Source: Jean-Pierre Forest (photographer). View of the current headquarters Lépine-Cloutier. Online Consultation , November 6, 2010.

The founder of this house is Germain Legris said Lepine (1821-1899). Manufacturer of wooden furniture, Lepine moved into the current residence of St. Roch in 1844. In 1845, he began making wooden coffins and funeral organizing. This service clearly meets a need. Quebec City had already experienced major epidemics, but these outbreaks since 1830 have made it a more "modern" with death rates in very difficult conditions, dignity in death becomes a real consideration. Moreover, trade openness coincides with the great fire of 1845, fire that spares buildings Germain Lepine. Furniture manufacturers are generally not contractors who specialize in making coffin, but Mr. Lepine made a different choice. For about $ 2, you can buy a casket manufactured to a size suitable for the deceased, with each difference of three inches (five-foot three, five feet six, five feet, nine, etc.).


Source: Amélie Breton (Perspective), Museum of Civilization, Quebec Seminary Collection, 1991,168, Joseph Légaré 1845-1848. Online Consultation , November 6, 2010.

Germain Legris said Lepine launches as quickly in the organization of funerals. Around 1860, we bought the first hearses and 1865, the family abandons its trade Lépine furniture and now specializes solely on the coffin and funeral. And professionalism shown by the family brought in customers. This is why trade is growing rapidly and Elzéar Lepine and Germain, the son of the first, joined their father in managing the family business. The son will help open two new places in Saint-Sauveur and Saint-Jean Baptiste. And they will allow the company to stay abreast of the latest techniques and practices in this area.


Source: "The company Lepine storefront on the Rue St. Vallier as it was in the 1900s, " online consultation , November 6, 2010.

For example, in 1896, the grand-son of Germain Legris said Lepine, Lepine Adelard, became the first embalmer in Quebec City, a practice until then banned by the Catholic Church. The first "balmy"? Archbishop Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau (first Canadian cardinal) for which the church organizes funeral pomp (here below) which will cost over 680 dollars in 1898, which also includes the construction of a special custom hearse. But also, the company Lepine is known to have embalmed several victims of the sinking of the Empress of Ireland 29 May 1914. Since the early twentieth century, the home of Germain Lépine is certainly one that makes the largest proportion of municipal funeral personalities, political and religious in the city of Quebec.

http://www.mcq.org/img/complexe/craf/sme/gp/sme12_2.jpg
Source: Museum of Civilization. Online Consultation , November 6, 2010.

In parallel, in 1856 that Charles Cloutier, large- Cloutier's father Arthur, founded his first funeral home in the Saint John the Baptist (see here below). The company survives long after the founder, but the name Cloutier, who will join that of Lepine is not directly that of Charles. Arthur Cloutier is set up in 1928, the first real laboratory embalming of the city even founded his funeral home a bit earlier, Arthur Cloutier & Fils enr. Although Arthur Cloutier died in 1942, his family still owns establishments in the region of Quebec and became the competitor certainly the strongest and most ferocious of the Lepine family.





Source: Author unknown, "Cloutier Charles Salon, located at 174 rue d'Aguillon," in The Historical Society Industrial inc., page of Quebec history: magnificent industrial development , Quebec, 1955, p. 196. Online Consultation , November 6, 2010.


In Lepine, the building of the Rue Saint-Vallier remains the headquarters of the company until 2010. And it's also long been the family home. Thus, customers were received on the ground floor of the residence. In the lounge, we had a series of traps in the walls that could be opened to see the different styles of coffins. These traps were open for customers and then closed so that family life will continue normally. From 1917 to 1937, is the widow of Germain Lepine, Malvina Racicot, who runs the family business. In the 1950s, the family business Lepine ( like the Cloutier family) is being modernized at the same rate as large businesses in this industry. We offer pre-arrangements, in particular. Lepine home will be the first in Quebec to offer cremation services in the region of Quebec in the early 1970s.

In 1975, the funeral home Lepine amalgamates with Arthur Cloutier. In 1988, while Lepine-Cloutier is one of the major funeral homes in Canada, the group Urgel Bourgie, Montreal acquired the company from Quebec. Having been briefly then sold to American interests in 1996, the band returned under the control of house workers Homes, both of Montreal and Québec City in 2002. Today is the consolidation of the company's services under one roof invoked by administrators to justify the move. Nobody knows yet what will happen to the building of the Rue Saint-Vallier.

Tuesday, November 2, 2010

Traditional British Appetizers

A great initiative

This week Historical Services Six Associates, in collaboration with histoireengagée.ca officially launch (the posters are out, then it's official, right?) The proposed café Historical Quebec!

You'll hear about it plenty! (Hopefully!)

The first appointment is given to 4M Café, 344 rue St-Roch in Quebec City on November 25, 2010 .

The topic?

"Speaks or inform? blog history "
Carl Pepin, Ph.D., and the author of this blog!

A coffee history is what? A conference in a more informal or speakers come talk about a historical subject. Of course, there is a conference, but also and above all a great place to talk to lecturers, interact outside the context of universities or symposia and congresses. One way to present topics in history (or in the case of the first conference) in a very favorable trade.
Here is the poster that the ad!